
Run-of-river systems were arguably the first hydropower plants, which used the kinetic energy of water flowing in the rivers to generate mechanical energy. Water wheels and water mills all used the energy in the flow of river water to generate mechanical power to drive grain mills and other devices such as sawmills, etc. Both overshot and undershot, as well as vertical axis wooden water wheels were used, and in fact are still being manufactured and installed, mainly at microhydro sites which have low available heads, both for functional reasons and for decoration.
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